← East Hertfordshire (all cycles) · 4 May 2023 cohort
East Hertfordshire 2023
Local elections held 4 May 2023.
How to read this page
Each race below shows the share of valid ballots the marginal elected candidate actually won, and compares it to the proportional quota: the share that would be needed to be guaranteed that seat under any proportional voting method (1 seats + 1). For a 1-seat ward the quota is 50%; for 2 seats, 33.3%; for 3 seats, 25%.
Where the actual winning share fell below the quota, we show the gap as points under par — the editorial indictment. Above-par results are just majority mandates and pass without comment. The voting method is the subject of every observation here. Named candidates appear as the public election record requires; the cause being audited is the voting method, not the individuals. See the methodology page for derivations.
If votes were counted by party
Across the 26 wards in this cycle, parties received the vote totals below. The proportional column shows what each party would have won if the 50 seats had been allocated to those vote totals in proportion (how, with caveats). The Δ column is the actual seat count minus the proportional seat count — positive numbers are parties First-Past-the-Post over-represented in this council, negative are parties it under-represented.
| Party | Votes | Vote % | Seats won | % of seats | Proportional seats | Proportional % | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative and Unionist Party | 27,166 | 34.4% | 16 | 32.0% | 18 | 36.0% | -2 |
| Green Party | 22,487 | 28.4% | 19 | 38.0% | 14 | 28.0% | +5 |
| Labour Party | 15,626 | 19.8% | 5 | 10.0% | 10 | 20.0% | -5 |
| Liberal Democrats | 12,417 | 15.7% | 10 | 20.0% | 8 | 16.0% | +2 |
| Independent | 1,136 | 1.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Reform UK | 218 | 0.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Heritage Party | 35 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Total | 79,085 | 100.0% | 50 | 100.0% | 50 | 100.0% | 0 |
Vote share vs seats won
The top bar is each party's share of votes cast in this council. Below, one square per seat, coloured by the party that won it — first the actual First-Past-the-Post result, then what a proportional method would have produced from the same vote totals. Divergence between the bar and the actual grid is the indictment of the method.
Wards in this council
Sorted with the largest gap below the quota first. Click any ward to jump to its full result.
- Hertford Castle · 2 seats · won at 16.7% · +16.6 pts below quota
- Bishop’s Stortford South · 2 seats · won at 18.0% · +15.3 pts below quota
- Great Amwell & Stansteads · 2 seats · won at 19.6% · +13.7 pts below quota
- Hertford Kingsmead · 3 seats · won at 12.1% · +12.9 pts below quota
- Sawbridgeworth · 3 seats · won at 12.3% · +12.7 pts below quota
- Bishop’s Stortford Parsonage · 2 seats · won at 21.3% · +12.0 pts below quota
- Buntingford · 3 seats · won at 14.1% · +10.9 pts below quota
- Ware Priory · 2 seats · won at 22.7% · +10.6 pts below quota
- Bishop’s Stortford Thorley Manor · 3 seats · won at 15.1% · +9.9 pts below quota
- Braughing & Standon · 2 seats · won at 23.9% · +9.4 pts below quota
- Bishop’s Stortford Central · 2 seats · won at 24.5% · +8.8 pts below quota
- Bishop’s Stortford North · 3 seats · won at 17.6% · +7.4 pts below quota
- Ware St Mary's · 2 seats · won at 26.1% · +7.2 pts below quota
- Hertford Bengeo · 3 seats · won at 19.0% · +6.0 pts below quota
- Hertford Sele · 2 seats · won at 27.7% · +5.7 pts below quota
- Aston, Datchworth & Walkern · 2 seats · won at 27.8% · +5.5 pts below quota
- Ware Trinity · 2 seats · won at 29.3% · +4.0 pts below quota
- Ware Rural · 1 seat · won at 46.5% · +3.5 pts below quota
- Bishop’s Stortford All Saints · 2 seats · won at 30.2% · +3.2 pts below quota
- Little Hadham & The Pelhams · 1 seat · won at 48.3% · +1.7 pts below quota
- Hertford Heath & Brickendon · 1 seat · won at 52.1% · above quota
- Hertford Rural · 1 seat · won at 53.3% · above quota
- The Mundens · 1 seat · won at 59.7% · above quota
- Much Hadham · 1 seat · won at 59.8% · above quota
- Watton-at-Stone · 1 seat · won at 64.6% · above quota
- Hunsdon · 1 seat · won at 65.9% · above quota
Race results
Hertford Castle · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 16.7% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +16.6 pts below quota Valid ballots 3,357
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Carter, R. | Green Party | 601 | 17.9% | Elected |
| 2 | Hopewell, S. | Green Party | 561 | 16.7% | Elected |
| 3 | Goodeve, J. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 560 | 16.7% | |
| 4 | Dean, J. | Labour Party | 550 | 16.4% | |
| 5 | Miles, D. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 544 | 16.2% | |
| 6 | Pinkham, R. | Labour Party | 458 | 13.6% | |
| 7 | Waterhouse, F. | Liberal Democrats | 83 | 2.5% |
Bishop’s Stortford South · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 18.0% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +15.3 pts below quota Valid ballots 2,363
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Marlow, S. | Liberal Democrats | 480 | 20.3% | Elected |
| 2 | Hollebon, D. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 425 | 18.0% | Elected |
| 3 | Diffey, O. | Labour Party | 412 | 17.4% | |
| 4 | Snowdon, D. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 387 | 16.4% | |
| 5 | Chapman, A. | Labour Party | 363 | 15.4% | |
| 6 | Millican, S. | Green Party | 296 | 12.5% |
Great Amwell & Stansteads · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 19.6% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +13.7 pts below quota Valid ballots 2,408
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dumont, J. | Liberal Democrats | 553 | 23.0% | Elected |
| 2 | Boylan, P. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 472 | 19.6% | Elected |
| 3 | Howlett, J. | Liberal Democrats | 468 | 19.4% | |
| 4 | Moule, P. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 397 | 16.5% | |
| 5 | Heighway, J. | Labour Party | 210 | 8.7% | |
| 6 | Moore, S. | Green Party | 169 | 7.0% | |
| 7 | Watts, G. | Labour Party | 139 | 5.8% |
Hertford Kingsmead · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 12.1% Proportional quota 25.0% Difference +12.9 pts below quota Valid ballots 6,361
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brittain, C. | Green Party | 851 | 13.4% | Elected |
| 2 | Connolly, M. | Green Party | 782 | 12.3% | Elected |
| 3 | Glover-Ward, V. | Green Party | 768 | 12.1% | Elected |
| 4 | Bolton, R. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 610 | 9.6% | |
| 5 | Clark, J. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 491 | 7.7% | |
| 6 | Murray, B. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 488 | 7.7% | |
| 7 | Lewis, E. | Liberal Democrats | 486 | 7.6% | |
| 8 | Porrer, A. | Liberal Democrats | 458 | 7.2% | |
| 9 | Madge, G. | Liberal Democrats | 377 | 5.9% | |
| 10 | Farnley, A. | Labour Party | 366 | 5.8% | |
| 11 | Houghton, R. | Labour Party | 353 | 5.5% | |
| 12 | Nickson, G. | Labour Party | 331 | 5.2% |
Sawbridgeworth · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 12.3% Proportional quota 25.0% Difference +12.7 pts below quota Valid ballots 6,200
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Buckmaster, E. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 1,311 | 21.1% | Elected |
| 2 | Buckmaster, R. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 1,056 | 17.0% | Elected |
| 3 | Parsad-Wyatt, A. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 760 | 12.3% | Elected |
| 4 | Rattey, G. | Independent | 667 | 10.8% | |
| 5 | Furber, R. | Labour Party | 518 | 8.4% | |
| 6 | Newell, P. | Labour Party | 500 | 8.1% | |
| 7 | Macy, T. | Liberal Democrats | 398 | 6.4% | |
| 8 | Plowman, N. | Labour Party | 389 | 6.3% | |
| 9 | Downes, E. | Green Party | 383 | 6.2% | |
| 10 | Burmicz, J. | Reform UK | 218 | 3.5% |
Bishop’s Stortford Parsonage · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 21.3% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +12.0 pts below quota Valid ballots 3,472
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Horner, C. | Liberal Democrats | 921 | 26.5% | Elected |
| 2 | Townsend, R. | Liberal Democrats | 741 | 21.3% | Elected |
| 3 | Woodward, C. | Independent | 469 | 13.5% | |
| 4 | Manning, S. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 456 | 13.1% | |
| 5 | Boyle, J. | Labour Party | 383 | 11.0% | |
| 6 | Loen, A. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 326 | 9.4% | |
| 7 | MacKenzie, S. | Green Party | 176 | 5.1% |
Buntingford · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 14.1% Proportional quota 25.0% Difference +10.9 pts below quota Valid ballots 6,930
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burt, V. | Green Party | 1,151 | 16.6% | Elected |
| 2 | Nicholls, S. | Green Party | 1,055 | 15.2% | Elected |
| 3 | Woollcombe, D. | Green Party | 978 | 14.1% | Elected |
| 4 | Jones, J. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 960 | 13.9% | |
| 5 | Huggins, A. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 928 | 13.4% | |
| 6 | Prescott, M. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 809 | 11.7% | |
| 7 | Wood, S. | Labour Party | 289 | 4.2% | |
| 8 | Harrington, K. | Liberal Democrats | 271 | 3.9% | |
| 9 | Perkins, G. | Labour Party | 260 | 3.8% | |
| 10 | King, D. | Labour Party | 229 | 3.3% |
Ware Priory · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 22.7% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +10.6 pts below quota Valid ballots 3,505
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Williams, G. | Green Party | 892 | 25.4% | Elected |
| 2 | Hill, G. | Green Party | 796 | 22.7% | Elected |
| 3 | Pope, M. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 498 | 14.2% | |
| 4 | Kaye, J. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 495 | 14.1% | |
| 5 | Chapman, S. | Labour Party | 320 | 9.1% | |
| 6 | Guinn, J. | Labour Party | 264 | 7.5% | |
| 7 | Shaw, V. | Liberal Democrats | 162 | 4.6% | |
| 8 | Wade, R. | Liberal Democrats | 78 | 2.2% |
Bishop’s Stortford Thorley Manor · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 15.1% Proportional quota 25.0% Difference +9.9 pts below quota Valid ballots 6,192
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Willcocks, D. | Labour Party | 1,094 | 17.7% | Elected |
| 2 | McAndrew, G. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 961 | 15.5% | Elected |
| 3 | Wyllie, J. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 932 | 15.1% | Elected |
| 4 | Smith, S. | Labour Party | 921 | 14.9% | |
| 5 | Ward-Booth, A. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 841 | 13.6% | |
| 6 | Deans-Harding, C. | Green Party | 823 | 13.3% | |
| 7 | Fenner, M. | Green Party | 620 | 10.0% |
Braughing & Standon · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 23.9% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +9.4 pts below quota Valid ballots 2,264
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bull, S. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 646 | 28.5% | Elected |
| 2 | Woolf, F. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 541 | 23.9% | Elected |
| 3 | Howson, J. | Green Party | 373 | 16.5% | |
| 4 | Perkins, F. | Labour Party | 372 | 16.4% | |
| 5 | Honey, S. | Labour Party | 332 | 14.7% |
Bishop’s Stortford Central · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 24.5% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +8.8 pts below quota Valid ballots 3,275
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Estop, Y. | Labour Party | 811 | 24.8% | Elected |
| 2 | Jacobs, D. | Labour Party | 803 | 24.5% | Elected |
| 3 | Cutting, G. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 468 | 14.3% | |
| 4 | Symonds, N. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 466 | 14.2% | |
| 5 | Taylor, B. | Liberal Democrats | 464 | 14.2% | |
| 6 | Williams, P. | Green Party | 263 | 8.0% |
Bishop’s Stortford North · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 17.6% Proportional quota 25.0% Difference +7.4 pts below quota Valid ballots 5,358
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Copley, S. | Liberal Democrats | 1,028 | 19.2% | Elected |
| 2 | Goldspink, M. | Liberal Democrats | 986 | 18.4% | Elected |
| 3 | Swainston, M. | Liberal Democrats | 941 | 17.6% | Elected |
| 4 | Page, T. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 488 | 9.1% | |
| 5 | Anderson, D. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 471 | 8.8% | |
| 6 | Moran, D. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 452 | 8.4% | |
| 7 | Bird, M. | Labour Party | 352 | 6.6% | |
| 8 | Barnett, D. | Labour Party | 339 | 6.3% | |
| 9 | Johnson, M. | Green Party | 301 | 5.6% |
Ware St Mary's · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 26.1% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +7.2 pts below quota Valid ballots 3,285
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Butcher, M. | Green Party | 973 | 29.6% | Elected |
| 2 | Watson, S. | Green Party | 857 | 26.1% | Elected |
| 3 | Ballam, P. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 551 | 16.8% | |
| 4 | Fernando, R. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 536 | 16.3% | |
| 5 | O'Neill, P. | Labour Party | 234 | 7.1% | |
| 6 | Gubb, T. | Liberal Democrats | 134 | 4.1% |
Hertford Bengeo · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 19.0% Proportional quota 25.0% Difference +6.0 pts below quota Valid ballots 8,000
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crystall, B. | Green Party | 1,878 | 23.5% | Elected |
| 2 | Smith, V. | Green Party | 1,578 | 19.7% | Elected |
| 3 | Daar, A. | Green Party | 1,518 | 19.0% | Elected |
| 4 | Newton, S. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 734 | 9.2% | |
| 5 | Johnson, C. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 615 | 7.7% | |
| 6 | Abdullah, I. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 587 | 7.3% | |
| 7 | Adams, F. | Labour Party | 416 | 5.2% | |
| 8 | Chapman, J. | Labour Party | 280 | 3.5% | |
| 9 | Nadin, A. | Labour Party | 238 | 3.0% | |
| 10 | Luck, C. | Liberal Democrats | 156 | 1.9% |
Hertford Sele · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 27.7% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +5.7 pts below quota Valid ballots 2,560
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Clements, T. | Labour Party | 720 | 28.1% | Elected |
| 2 | Redfern, C. | Labour Party | 708 | 27.7% | Elected |
| 3 | Hossain, M. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 347 | 13.6% | |
| 4 | Turvey, A. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 336 | 13.1% | |
| 5 | Missenden, S. | Green Party | 320 | 12.5% | |
| 6 | Edwards, P. | Liberal Democrats | 129 | 5.0% |
Aston, Datchworth & Walkern · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 27.8% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +5.5 pts below quota Valid ballots 2,571
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deffley, T. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 767 | 29.8% | Elected |
| 2 | Stowe, T. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 715 | 27.8% | Elected |
| 3 | Florence, J. | Labour Party | 461 | 17.9% | |
| 4 | Somerville, L. | Green Party | 356 | 13.8% | |
| 5 | Jewitt, F. | Liberal Democrats | 272 | 10.6% |
Ware Trinity · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 29.3% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +4.0 pts below quota Valid ballots 2,432
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hart, C. | Green Party | 797 | 32.8% | Elected |
| 2 | Cox, N. | Green Party | 713 | 29.3% | Elected |
| 3 | Kemp, I. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 334 | 13.7% | |
| 4 | Parker, B. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 237 | 9.7% | |
| 5 | Mowbray, R. | Labour Party | 176 | 7.2% | |
| 6 | Cropper, A. | Liberal Democrats | 89 | 3.7% | |
| 7 | Shaw, S. | Liberal Democrats | 86 | 3.5% |
Ware Rural · single-seat
Marginal winner 46.5% Proportional quota 50.0% Difference +3.5 pts below quota Valid ballots 684
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Andrews, D. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 318 | 46.5% | Elected |
| 2 | Zsibrita, A. | Green Party | 181 | 26.5% | |
| 3 | Shreeve, S. | Labour Party | 108 | 15.8% | |
| 4 | Davies, D. | Liberal Democrats | 77 | 11.3% |
Bishop’s Stortford All Saints · 2-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 30.2% Proportional quota 33.3% Difference +3.2 pts below quota Valid ballots 2,251
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Adams, M. | Liberal Democrats | 722 | 32.1% | Elected |
| 2 | Wilson, C. | Liberal Democrats | 679 | 30.2% | Elected |
| 3 | Snowdon, L. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 220 | 9.8% | |
| 4 | Senanayake, A. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 184 | 8.2% | |
| 5 | Band, J. | Labour Party | 175 | 7.8% | |
| 6 | Bhatti, S. | Labour Party | 144 | 6.4% | |
| 7 | Harding, P. | Green Party | 92 | 4.1% | |
| 8 | Hensall, B. | Heritage Party | 35 | 1.6% |
Little Hadham & The Pelhams · single-seat
Marginal winner 48.3% Proportional quota 50.0% Difference +1.7 pts below quota Valid ballots 886
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Williamson, G. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 428 | 48.3% | Elected |
| 2 | Bromage, D. | Liberal Democrats | 230 | 26.0% | |
| 3 | Rennie, F. | Green Party | 142 | 16.0% | |
| 4 | Nelmes, J. | Labour Party | 86 | 9.7% |
Hertford Heath & Brickendon · single-seat
Marginal winner 52.1% Proportional quota 50.0% Difference −2.1 pts Valid ballots 795
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hoskin, T. | Green Party | 414 | 52.1% | Elected |
| 2 | Roberts, T. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 275 | 34.6% | |
| 3 | Waller, S. | Labour Party | 74 | 9.3% | |
| 4 | Belfitt, N. | Liberal Democrats | 32 | 4.0% |
Hertford Rural · single-seat
Marginal winner 53.3% Proportional quota 50.0% Difference −3.3 pts Valid ballots 889
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deering, B. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 474 | 53.3% | Elected |
| 2 | Tarrega, T. | Green Party | 175 | 19.7% | |
| 3 | Waltham, E. | Labour Party | 130 | 14.6% | |
| 4 | Edwards, C. | Liberal Democrats | 110 | 12.4% |
The Mundens · single-seat
Marginal winner 59.7% Proportional quota 50.0% Difference −9.7 pts Valid ballots 730
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Holt, A. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 436 | 59.7% | Elected |
| 2 | Santos, S. | Green Party | 152 | 20.8% | |
| 3 | Agar, J. | Labour Party | 142 | 19.5% |
Much Hadham · single-seat
Marginal winner 59.8% Proportional quota 50.0% Difference −9.8 pts Valid ballots 699
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Devonshire, I. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 418 | 59.8% | Elected |
| 2 | Newell, D. | Labour Party | 126 | 18.0% | |
| 3 | Fenner, V. | Green Party | 86 | 12.3% | |
| 4 | Macy, K. | Liberal Democrats | 69 | 9.9% |
Watton-at-Stone · single-seat
Marginal winner 64.6% Proportional quota 50.0% Difference −14.6 pts Valid ballots 1,067
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thomas, J. | Liberal Democrats | 689 | 64.6% | Elected |
| 2 | Dodson, J. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 325 | 30.5% | |
| 3 | Correia Dos Santos, A. | Green Party | 53 | 5.0% |
Hunsdon · single-seat
Marginal winner 65.9% Proportional quota 50.0% Difference −15.9 pts Valid ballots 551
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dunlop, J. | Green Party | 363 | 65.9% | Elected |
| 2 | Pagdades, S. | Conservative and Unionist Party | 90 | 16.3% | |
| 3 | Durbin, H. | Labour Party | 50 | 9.1% | |
| 4 | Davies, J. | Liberal Democrats | 48 | 8.7% |