← North Lanarkshire (all cycles) · 5 May 2022 cohort
North Lanarkshire 2022
Local elections held 5 May 2022.
How to read this page
Each race below shows the share of valid ballots the marginal elected candidate actually won, and compares it to the proportional quota: the share they'd need to clinch the seat under any proportional voting method (1 seats + 1). For a 1-seat ward the quota is 50%; for 2 seats, 33.3%; for 3 seats, 25%.
Where the actual winning share fell below the quota, we show the signed gap as points below quota (a negative number) — the editorial indictment. Above-quota results clear the bar and pass without comment. The voting method is the subject of every observation here. Named candidates appear as the public election record requires; the cause being audited is the voting method, not the individuals. See the methodology page for derivations.
If votes were counted by party
Across the 21 wards in this cycle, parties received the vote totals below. The proportional column shows what each party would have won if the 77 seats had been shared out in proportion to votes received (how, with caveats). The Δ column is the actual seat count minus the proportional seat count — positive numbers are parties First-Past-the-Post over-represented; negative are parties it under-represented.
| Party | Votes | Vote % | Seats won | % of seats | Proportional seats | Proportional % | Δ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scottish National Party | 46,255 | 43.6% | 36 | 46.8% | 35 | 45.5% | +1 |
| Labour Party | 37,336 | 35.2% | 32 | 41.6% | 29 | 37.7% | +3 |
| Conservative Party | 12,571 | 11.8% | 5 | 6.5% | 9 | 11.7% | -4 |
| Independent | 4,282 | 4.0% | 2 | 2.6% | 3 | 3.9% | -1 |
| Green Party | 2,304 | 2.2% | 1 | 1.3% | 1 | 1.3% | 0 |
| Alba Party | 1,058 | 1.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| British Unionist Party - B.U.P. | 859 | 0.8% | 1 | 1.3% | 0 | 0.0% | +1 |
| Liberal Democrats | 478 | 0.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Scottish Family Party | 381 | 0.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Social Democratic Party | 172 | 0.2% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Scottish Socialist Party | 154 | 0.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Independence for Scotland Party | 129 | 0.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| UK Independence Party (UKIP) | 65 | 0.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Freedom Alliance- Integrity, Society, Economy | 41 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Total | 106,085 | 100.0% | 77 | 100.0% | 77 | 100.0% | 0 |
Vote share vs seats won
The top bar is each party's share of votes cast in this council. Below, one square per seat, coloured by the party that won it — first the actual First-Past-the-Post result, then what a proportional method would have produced from the same vote totals. Divergence between the bar and the actual grid is the indictment of the method.
Council composition: what this election replaced
The 2022 cycle was an all-out election — every seat was contested. The two opencouncildata snapshots below show the council immediately after the 2022 election (current) and on the eve of it (2021), so you can see what the result replaced.
Wards in this council
Sorted with the largest gap below the quota first. Click any ward to jump to its full result.
- Mossend and Holytown · 3 seats · won at 9.6% · −15.4 pts below quota
- Airdrie North · 4 seats · won at 4.8% · −15.2 pts below quota
- Stepps, Chryston and Muirhead · 3 seats · won at 10.8% · −14.2 pts below quota
- Cumbernauld East · 4 seats · won at 8.6% · −11.4 pts below quota
- Motherwell North · 4 seats · won at 9.9% · −10.1 pts below quota
- Airdrie Central · 4 seats · won at 10.2% · −9.8 pts below quota
- Coatbridge West · 3 seats · won at 15.7% · −9.3 pts below quota
- Motherwell South East and Ravenscraig · 4 seats · won at 10.8% · −9.2 pts below quota
- Gartcosh, Glenboig and Moodiesburn · 3 seats · won at 16.3% · −8.7 pts below quota
- Cumbernauld South · 4 seats · won at 11.5% · −8.5 pts below quota
- Thorniewood · 3 seats · won at 17.0% · −8.0 pts below quota
- Coatbridge South · 4 seats · won at 12.2% · −7.8 pts below quota
- Bellshill · 4 seats · won at 12.7% · −7.3 pts below quota
- Coatbridge North · 4 seats · won at 13.4% · −6.6 pts below quota
- Wishaw · 4 seats · won at 13.6% · −6.4 pts below quota
- Murdostoun · 4 seats · won at 13.7% · −6.3 pts below quota
- Motherwell West · 3 seats · won at 18.9% · −6.1 pts below quota
- Fortissat · 4 seats · won at 14.0% · −6.0 pts below quota
- Cumbernauld North · 4 seats · won at 14.2% · −5.8 pts below quota
- Airdrie South · 4 seats · won at 16.9% · −3.1 pts below quota
- Kilsyth · 3 seats · won at 25.5% · above quota
Race results
Mossend and Holytown · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 9.6% Proportional quota 25.0% Below quota −15.4 pts Valid ballots 3,796
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Frank McNally | Labour Party | 1,132 | 29.8% | +4.8 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Beth Baudo | Scottish National Party | 974 | 25.7% | +0.7 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Michael Clarkson | Scottish National Party | 642 | 16.9% | — | |
| 4 | Sheila Cameron | Conservative Party | 486 | 12.8% | — | |
| 5 | Jim Reddin | Labour Party | 364 | 9.6% | −15.4 pts | Elected |
| 6 | John Marshall | Alba Party | 198 | 5.2% | — |
Airdrie North · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 4.8% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −15.2 pts Valid ballots 5,565
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sophia Coyle | Scottish National Party | 1,741 | 31.3% | +11.3 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Alan Beveridge | Independent | 1,223 | 22.0% | +2.0 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Henry Emerson Dunbar | Labour Party | 1,170 | 21.0% | +1.0 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Graeme McGinnigle | Conservative Party | 603 | 10.8% | — | |
| 5 | Peter Kelly | Labour Party | 463 | 8.3% | — | |
| 6 | Richard Alan Sullivan | Scottish National Party | 269 | 4.8% | −15.2 pts | Elected |
| 7 | Robert Stewart McGeorge | Liberal Democrats | 71 | 1.3% | — | |
| 8 | Daryl Gardner | UK Independence Party (UKIP) | 25 | 0.4% | — |
Stepps, Chryston and Muirhead · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 10.8% Proportional quota 25.0% Below quota −14.2 pts Valid ballots 4,848
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Josh Cairns | Scottish National Party | 1,299 | 26.8% | +1.8 pts | Elected |
| 2 | John McLaren | Labour Party | 1,159 | 23.9% | −1.1 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Crissy Sandhu | Conservative Party | 725 | 15.0% | — | |
| 4 | Claire Williams | Green Party | 523 | 10.8% | −14.2 pts | Elected |
| 5 | Margaret-Anne Shaw | Labour Party | 521 | 10.7% | — | |
| 6 | Ian MacQuarrie | Scottish National Party | 467 | 9.6% | — | |
| 7 | Neil K Casey | Liberal Democrats | 154 | 3.2% | — |
Cumbernauld East · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 8.6% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −11.4 pts Valid ballots 5,355
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Claire Barclay | Scottish National Party | 1,704 | 31.8% | +11.8 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Barry McCulloch | Labour Party | 1,022 | 19.1% | −0.9 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Tom Johnston | Scottish National Party | 970 | 18.1% | −1.9 pts | Elected |
| 4 | David Macphee | Conservative Party | 469 | 8.8% | — | |
| 5 | Adam Smith | Scottish National Party | 460 | 8.6% | −11.4 pts | Elected |
| 6 | Paddy Hogg | Independent | 283 | 5.3% | — | |
| 7 | Kyle Davidson | Green Party | 225 | 4.2% | — | |
| 8 | Susan Taylor | Labour Party | 222 | 4.1% | — |
Motherwell North · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 9.9% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −10.1 pts Valid ballots 5,202
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gerry Brennan | Scottish National Party | 1,646 | 31.6% | +11.6 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Andrew Duffy-Lawson | Labour Party | 1,427 | 27.4% | +7.4 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Anne Thomas | Scottish National Party | 780 | 15.0% | −5.0 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Oyebola Ajala | Conservative Party | 574 | 11.0% | — | |
| 5 | Ayeshah Khan | Labour Party | 513 | 9.9% | −10.1 pts | Elected |
| 6 | Shahid Farooq | Alba Party | 262 | 5.0% | — |
Airdrie Central · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 10.2% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −9.8 pts Valid ballots 4,679
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lesley Jarvie | Scottish National Party | 1,468 | 31.4% | +11.4 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Chris Costello | Labour Party | 988 | 21.1% | +1.1 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Jim Logue | Labour Party | 986 | 21.1% | +1.1 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Trevor Douglas | Conservative Party | 642 | 13.7% | — | |
| 5 | Janice Catherine Toner | Scottish National Party | 478 | 10.2% | −9.8 pts | Elected |
| 6 | Julie Marshall | Alba Party | 117 | 2.5% | — |
Coatbridge West · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 15.7% Proportional quota 25.0% Below quota −9.3 pts Valid ballots 3,894
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lesley Mitchell | Scottish National Party | 1,254 | 32.2% | +7.2 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Kevin Docherty | Labour Party | 1,159 | 29.8% | +4.8 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Gary Robinson | Scottish National Party | 613 | 15.7% | −9.3 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Mary Gourlay | Labour Party | 374 | 9.6% | — | |
| 5 | Robert Slavin | Alba Party | 254 | 6.5% | — | |
| 6 | Laraine Shields | Conservative Party | 240 | 6.2% | — |
Motherwell South East and Ravenscraig · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 10.8% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −9.2 pts Valid ballots 6,063
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Agnes Magowan | Scottish National Party | 1,941 | 32.0% | +12.0 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Kenneth Duffy | Labour Party | 1,368 | 22.6% | +2.6 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Nathan Wilson | Conservative Party | 1,010 | 16.7% | −3.3 pts | Elected |
| 4 | David Robb | Scottish National Party | 653 | 10.8% | −9.2 pts | Elected |
| 5 | Michael Ross | Labour Party | 525 | 8.7% | — | |
| 6 | Derek Watson | Green Party | 472 | 7.8% | — | |
| 7 | James Joseph Mitchell | Scottish Family Party | 54 | 0.9% | — | |
| 8 | Neil Wilson | UK Independence Party (UKIP) | 40 | 0.7% | — |
Gartcosh, Glenboig and Moodiesburn · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 16.3% Proportional quota 25.0% Below quota −8.7 pts Valid ballots 4,472
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greg Lennon | Scottish National Party | 1,365 | 30.5% | +5.5 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Michael McPake | Labour Party | 929 | 20.8% | −4.2 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Joseph Beekman | Labour Party | 826 | 18.5% | — | |
| 4 | Joanne Katy Keltie | Scottish National Party | 728 | 16.3% | −8.7 pts | Elected |
| 5 | Norma Raeside | Conservative Party | 421 | 9.4% | — | |
| 6 | Patrick McAleer | Green Party | 203 | 4.5% | — |
Cumbernauld South · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 11.5% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −8.5 pts Valid ballots 5,713
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | James McPhilemy | Labour Party | 1,374 | 24.1% | +4.1 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Ann Ballinger | Scottish National Party | 1,089 | 19.1% | −0.9 pts | Elected |
| 3 | William Goldie | Scottish National Party | 959 | 16.8% | −3.2 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Cathie Johnston | Scottish National Party | 910 | 15.9% | — | |
| 5 | Peter McDade | Labour Party | 656 | 11.5% | −8.5 pts | Elected |
| 6 | Rebecca MacPhee | Conservative Party | 453 | 7.9% | — | |
| 7 | Willie Homer | Scottish Socialist Party | 154 | 2.7% | — | |
| 8 | Norma McLachlan Diffin | Scottish Family Party | 77 | 1.3% | — | |
| 9 | Simona Panaitescu | Freedom Alliance- Integrity, Society, Economy | 41 | 0.7% | — |
Thorniewood · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 17.0% Proportional quota 25.0% Below quota −8.0 pts Valid ballots 4,468
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Barry McCluskey | Scottish National Party | 1,642 | 36.8% | +11.8 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Helen Loughran | Labour Party | 1,180 | 26.4% | +1.4 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Margaret Boyd | Labour Party | 760 | 17.0% | −8.0 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Joseph Budd | Independent | 568 | 12.7% | — | |
| 5 | Jeanie Burgess | Conservative Party | 318 | 7.1% | — |
Coatbridge South · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 12.2% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −7.8 pts Valid ballots 4,849
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tracy Carragher | Scottish National Party | 1,384 | 28.5% | +8.5 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Fergus MacGregor | Scottish National Party | 1,195 | 24.6% | +4.6 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Andrew Bustard | Labour Party | 1,100 | 22.7% | +2.7 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Geraldine Woods | Labour Party | 593 | 12.2% | −7.8 pts | Elected |
| 5 | Peter Murray | Conservative Party | 327 | 6.7% | — | |
| 6 | Tony Grimason | Independent | 149 | 3.1% | — | |
| 7 | Graham Kerr | Green Party | 101 | 2.1% | — |
Bellshill · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 12.7% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −7.3 pts Valid ballots 4,631
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jordan Linden | Scottish National Party | 1,300 | 28.1% | +8.1 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Angela Campbell | Labour Party | 1,162 | 25.1% | +5.1 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Pat Patton | Labour Party | 635 | 13.7% | −6.3 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Colin Cameron | Conservative Party | 632 | 13.6% | — | |
| 5 | Lisa Stubbs | Scottish National Party | 589 | 12.7% | −7.3 pts | Elected |
| 6 | John Devlin | Independent | 209 | 4.5% | — | |
| 7 | David Baird | Alba Party | 104 | 2.2% | — |
Coatbridge North · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 13.4% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −6.6 pts Valid ballots 4,956
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kirsten Larson | Scottish National Party | 1,545 | 31.2% | +11.2 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Alex McVey | Labour Party | 1,017 | 20.5% | +0.5 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Allan Stubbs | Scottish National Party | 749 | 15.1% | −4.9 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Bill Shields | Labour Party | 663 | 13.4% | −6.6 pts | Elected |
| 5 | Craig Whiteside | Conservative Party | 479 | 9.7% | — | |
| 6 | Jeff McDonald | Social Democratic Party | 172 | 3.5% | — | |
| 7 | Julie McAnulty | Independence for Scotland Party | 129 | 2.6% | — | |
| 8 | Mark Shields | Alba Party | 123 | 2.5% | — | |
| 9 | Leo Francis Lanahan | Scottish Family Party | 79 | 1.6% | — |
Wishaw · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 13.6% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −6.4 pts Valid ballots 5,295
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fiona Fotheringham | Scottish National Party | 1,687 | 31.9% | +11.9 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Frank McKay | Labour Party | 1,138 | 21.5% | +1.5 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Bob Burgess | Conservative Party | 980 | 18.5% | −1.5 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Martine Nolan | Labour Party | 771 | 14.6% | — | |
| 5 | Jim Hume | Scottish National Party | 719 | 13.6% | −6.4 pts | Elected |
Murdostoun · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 13.7% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −6.3 pts Valid ballots 5,689
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Robert McKendrick | Independent | 1,545 | 27.2% | +7.2 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Cameron McManus | Scottish National Party | 1,106 | 19.4% | −0.6 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Louise Roarty | Labour Party | 853 | 15.0% | −5.0 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Nicky Shevlin | Labour Party | 778 | 13.7% | −6.3 pts | Elected |
| 5 | Julia Stachurska | Scottish National Party | 584 | 10.3% | — | |
| 6 | Linsey McKay | Conservative Party | 518 | 9.1% | — | |
| 7 | Robert Arthur | Independent | 305 | 5.4% | — |
Motherwell West · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 18.9% Proportional quota 25.0% Below quota −6.1 pts Valid ballots 4,596
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | David Crichton | Scottish National Party | 1,261 | 27.4% | +2.4 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Paul Kelly | Labour Party | 1,105 | 24.0% | −1.0 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Lorraine Nolan | Conservative Party | 869 | 18.9% | −6.1 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Lindsey Evans | Scottish National Party | 626 | 13.6% | — | |
| 5 | Gordon Thomas Miller | Green Party | 372 | 8.1% | — | |
| 6 | Megan McCann | Labour Party | 363 | 7.9% | — |
Fortissat · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 14.0% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −6.0 pts Valid ballots 4,559
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Martin McCulloch | Labour Party | 1,028 | 22.5% | +2.5 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Margaret Hughes | Scottish National Party | 949 | 20.8% | +0.8 pts | Elected |
| 3 | John Jo Leckie | British Unionist Party - B.U.P. | 859 | 18.8% | −1.2 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Kenneth Stevenson | Labour Party | 636 | 14.0% | −6.0 pts | Elected |
| 5 | Ben Callaghan | Conservative Party | 512 | 11.2% | — | |
| 6 | Sarah Quinn | Scottish National Party | 457 | 10.0% | — | |
| 7 | Emma Rachel Cuthbertson | Green Party | 118 | 2.6% | — |
Cumbernauld North · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 14.2% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −5.8 pts Valid ballots 7,075
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alan Masterton | Scottish National Party | 2,157 | 30.5% | +10.5 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Tom Fisher | Labour Party | 1,428 | 20.2% | +0.2 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Danish Ashraf | Scottish National Party | 1,399 | 19.8% | −0.2 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Gordon Currie | Conservative Party | 1,003 | 14.2% | −5.8 pts | Elected |
| 5 | Donna Kiddie | Labour Party | 534 | 7.5% | — | |
| 6 | Anne McCrossan | Green Party | 290 | 4.1% | — | |
| 7 | John Arthur Henry Cole | Liberal Democrats | 180 | 2.5% | — | |
| 8 | John Patrick McGrory | Scottish Family Party | 84 | 1.2% | — |
Airdrie South · 4-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 16.9% Proportional quota 20.0% Below quota −3.1 pts Valid ballots 6,015
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Michael Coyle | Scottish National Party | 1,847 | 30.7% | +10.7 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Michael McBride | Labour Party | 1,386 | 23.0% | +3.0 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Sandy Watson | Conservative Party | 1,028 | 17.1% | −2.9 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Paul Di Mascio | Scottish National Party | 1,015 | 16.9% | −3.1 pts | Elected |
| 5 | Ian McNeil | Labour Party | 739 | 12.3% | — |
Kilsyth · 3-seat (bloc vote)
Marginal winner 25.5% Proportional quota 25.0% Below quota +0.5 pts Valid ballots 4,365
| Rank | Candidate | Party | Votes | Share | Below quota | Elected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Denis Johnston | Scottish National Party | 1,187 | 27.2% | +2.2 pts | Elected |
| 2 | Heather Brennan-McVey | Labour Party | 1,176 | 26.9% | +1.9 pts | Elected |
| 3 | Jean Jones | Labour Party | 1,113 | 25.5% | +0.5 pts | Elected |
| 4 | Lindsay Sievewright | Scottish National Party | 447 | 10.2% | — | |
| 5 | James King | Conservative Party | 282 | 6.5% | — | |
| 6 | John Hendry | Scottish Family Party | 87 | 2.0% | — | |
| 7 | Melissa Laima Juliet Kane | Liberal Democrats | 73 | 1.7% | — |